CalBench

Metrology calculator

Thermocouple

NIST ITS-90 reference functions (Monograph 175) with cold-junction compensation. Inverse uses Newton–Raphson on the forward polynomial.

ANSI MC 96.1 plug · Yellow

+Chromel

90% nickel, 10% chromium

Large positive Seebeck coefficient and decent oxidation resistance to about 1,200 °C.

Positive leg of Type K and Type E. Furnaces, engines, general industrial use.

Type K junction
−Alumel

95% nickel, 2% manganese, 2% aluminum, 1% silicon

Stable against Chromel. It is magnetic.

Type K negative leg. Industrial temperature control.

General purpose — the one most labs stock

Usual range −200 to +1,250 °C · −328 to +2,282 °F

ITS-90 polynomials run -270 to 1372 °C.

°C
°C

Ice bath = 0 °C. If the meter already compensates, leave CJC at the reference it uses (often 0) or convert uncompensated millivolts with the actual cold-junction temperature.

Electromotive force
µV
4096.2302 µV
mV
4.096230 mV
V
0.0040962302 V
Seebeck
41.37 µV/°C
Wire limits

New unused wire, 0 °C cold junction. The limit is the greater of the fixed term and the percent of temperature. Not a full uncertainty.

ASTM standardfixed
± °C
2.20
Min
97.80
Max
102.20
ASTM specialfixed
± °C
1.10
Min
98.90
Max
101.10
IEC class 1fixed
± °C
1.50
Min
98.50
Max
101.50
IEC class 2fixed
± °C
2.50
Min
97.50
Max
102.50
IEC class 3

not used at this temperature.

Around 100.00 °C